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Include Articles on Abstract Level
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About OpenAlex
OpenAlex is an open catalog of the global research system. This bibliographic database indexes over 470,000,000 scholarly works from more than 250,000 sources. It aggregates data from various sources, including:
- Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG)
- Crossref
- DataCite
- ORCID
- PubMed
- arXiv
- Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
- ISSN International Centre
- Thousands of Institutional repositories
- Web crawls
For more information, visit the OpenAlex bibliographic database page.
Complex Search Queries
Our search supports complex queries using Boolean operators: AND, OR, and NOT. These operators must be written in UPPERCASE and can be combined with parentheses and quotation marks for advanced query logic.
How to Use Boolean Operators
- AND: Returns results containing all specified terms.
- OR: Returns results containing at least one of the specified terms.
- NOT: Excludes results containing the specified term.
- Parentheses: Group terms and control the order of operations.
- Quotation Marks: Use double quotes (" ") to search for exact phrases.
- Wildcards (*, ?) and fuzzy searches (~) are NOT supported; these characters are removed from queries.
Example: ("climate change") AND ("renewable energy" OR "solar power") NOT ("fossil fuels")
Supported Formats
- CINAHL(csv)
- CLINICALTRIALS (xml)
- COCHRANE (ris, BibTex) download
- DOI (txt) download
- EBSCO (csv,ris,bib)
- EMBASE (ris)
- ENDNOTE (enw)
- GENERIC (csv, ris, BibTex) download
- OVID Engine (ris, xml)
- PDF (pdf)
- PICO Portal (Excel, csv) download
- PROSPERO (ris) download
- PUBMED (PMID, ris, nbib, xml, csv) download
- SCOPUS (ris,bib,csv) download
- Web of Science (ciw, BibTex)
- ZOTERO (xml)
About Snowball Search
Snowball search helps you find additional relevant studies by following citation links between papers. It works by tracing references backward (papers cited by the original article) and forward (newer papers that cite it), expanding your evidence base beyond your initial search.
To use it, enter one or more DOIs (recommended: 1–5 at a time) and run the search. It will automatically retrieve related articles based on citation relationships and add them to your results for screening.
Note: Snowball search returns up to 1000 records per run, so using a small number of highly relevant seed articles will produce the most focused results.